Good morning, Yilan 宜蘭

I always spent last few weeks of summer in Taiwan with my family. And, it has become a routine that we spent a weekend in Yilan 宜蘭. With mom’s declining condition, I didn’t think that we would venture out of Taipei this year. Still, Robert booked an overnight stay.

To my surprise, mom was observant, sitting in the front seat. She enjoyed the foods and loved the attention that everyone gave her. The unfamiliarity of surroundings did cause her anxiety in some incidents. And, she was exhausted after a few hours.

Yilan used to be a sleepy farming and fishing village. Until the last decade, to reach the area from Taipei, it was necessary to travel through winding mountain roads, known as 九彎十八拐 (nine bends and eighteen turns—Google translation). The construction and opening of Xueshan Tunnels 雪山隧道 eliminated the challenge.[1] By cutting through the mountains, it shortened the travel time from two and a half hours to forty minutes. Within a few years, Yilan became the favorite place for a weekend get-away for city folks. Bed & breakfast popped up in the middle of farm fields.

This time we stayed at an interesting establishment. The owners quit their corporate jobs, built a carefully-designed five-room two-story house, and started an organic farm. The house was surrounded by rice paddies, lotus ponds, fruit trees and vegetable gardens.

Early in the morning, while my family was still asleep, I went for a long walk. Carefully, I took the narrow paths between the lotus pond and the rice fields. Late in the season, lotus leaves, burnt by the scorching sun, were black and fragmented. The last few lotus blossoms hidden underneath them softened the image slightly. Water in the rice fields had been drained. Grains on the tillers were still green. Nearby, new crops—last of this year—were already planted in water-filled paddies. Stirred by my movements, little egrets白鷺鷥 let go of their catches and flew to the nearby fields.

I reached the bank of Annong River 安農溪. Biking and hiking trails lined up both sides of the river. Judging by the height of the levees, the water level could rise dramatically during rainy season. Yet, on that particular morning, the river flowed softly like a ribbon.

Crossing the river, there were a few beautifully built new houses. Blooming trees attracted birds and butterflies. Folk were already up, cleaning their yards and getting ready for a new day. Even with the cool morning breezes, I had to shield myself from the rising sun, walking along the shady side of the road. Turning around, I saw mountains, still draped by clouds and mists, stretching all the way towards the ocean. I stopped to take some photos. At that moment, I was overwhelmed by a sense of remorse:

For about two decades, while Robert and I were both away, mom took on traveling and photography. At first, she joined tour groups and snapped casual images of scenery and friends. Then, she joined Chinese Society of Natural Photography自然與生態攝影學會.[2] She hiked up mountains with young people to catch images of natural wonders. Throughout the 90s, during her visits, we would plan all kinds of activities so she could discover new subjects—be it cultural or natural.

Magical colors

When I was at work, mom often practiced her skills on subjects around my house. She loved shooting clouds and sunsets. She couldn’t get enough of autumn foliage. When the photos and slides were processed, she would point out the merits and flaws of each shot to me. She loved going down to Amish country, to observe the slow-paced life, the horse-drawn buggies, the traditional attire, and the handcrafts. When weekend trips in nearby county couldn’t satisfy her anymore, we went all the way to Dutch Country in Pennsylvania. Mom loved Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater.[3] We visited there during different seasons. In order to see all the interior details, we took a private guided tour once.

Misty river, Great Smoky Mountain

We also traveled to several national parks. I remembered arriving at Shenandoah mountain at dusk. Thick fog forced me to move slowly around the mountain roads. Mom was amused by the sighting of deer and was charmed by the little log cabin where we spent the night. We hiked the Great Smoky Mountain for the incredible autumn views. And, before moving to the city, we made a trip to Glacier National Park, where mom made me drive back and forth catching the perfect sunset view. It wasn’t always easy to satisfy mom’s desires for more trips and better scenery. From time to time, I would get really frustrated and would argue with her.

After my move to New York, mom stopped coming to the States. Chaotic city life wasn’t to her liking. In 2004, I became a permanent resident of U.S. and was free to travel again. But, by then, mom had a second knee surgery and had slowed down quite a bit. Even when we took our family trips, we never got to experience the beauty in our surroundings as in the old days.

I wondered what kind of images mom would have caught with her camera or digital devices, if she were standing next to me by the riverbank. I was grateful to know that, from moment to moment, her eyes were still taking shots. I was grateful that, when mom woke up that morning, she was at a beautiful place that she would have appreciated very much.


[1] Xueshan_Tunnel_Wiki
Man Made Marvels 101, Taiwan Hsuehshan Tunnel, YouTube
[2] Chinese Society of Natural Photography
[3] Fallingwater.org

Purple Waves (I)—Paulownia

This entry is part 1 of 5 in the series Trees

In Northern United States, crocuses and daffodils break through the ground every March announcing the return of spring. Within weeks, blossoming trees follow with white and pink pom-poms, reassuring folks that warmer days are nearing. By the end of April, when light green leaves fill up the clearings between branches, anticipations of the new growing season morph into excitements for summer planning. People stop paying attention to trees. I, however, always look forward to the months of May to see my favorite trees in bloom.

The first spring after moving into the neighborhood, I noticed a tree in the vacant yard at the corner of our street, standing on a small patch of soil against the wall of the apartment building, leafless but full of clusters of purple flowers. Soon, I realized that it wasn’t alone. There were a few more purple trees on the other side. Their blossoming branches protruded above the arch of subway entrance. And, it was very likely that they were offspring of a great tree in the backyard of the building on top of the hill. Out of curiosity, I looked them up online.

Officially Paulownia tomentosa, they are listed on New York City Street Tree Map under Princesstree.[1] Also known as empress trees or royal paulownias,[2] they have the beauty and grandeur to match these names. These royalties need no palaces. They find their ways into botanical gardens[3]; in courtyards; in the rubble of collapsed buildings; alongside railroad tracks; on rocky cliffs and sandy riverbanks. Given enough space with the right conditions, they colonize and form purple canopies visible from a distance. Branded with the stigma of “invasive,” they are unwelcome in some states.

Towering at Central Park
Colonizing near an industrial park

An invasive species is non-native; fast-growing and environmental changing. Paulownia has Asian roots. Because of its fast-growing nature, the wood of 泡桐 (pao-tung) is light-weight and fine-grained, suitable for use as soundboard of instruments. For centuries, it is essential in making Chinese zithers箏 (zheng) and 琴 (qin)—the latter is known to be the instrument for scholars and gentlemen. It is also used in furniture making. The word 桐 (tung) appears frequently in Chinese poetry, symbolizing melancholia and nostalgia. Although, most often, it refers to 梧桐 (wu-tung, Firmiana simplex), unrelated to paulownia,[4] there is a very specific mention of purple tung flowers in寒食江畔 (At Riverbank during Hanshi Festival), 白居易 (Bai Juyi, 772-846):

By the river

草香沙暖水雲晴,風景令人憶帝京。
Grass is fragrant, sand is warm, light wavy clouds on the clear sky;
The scenery makes one nostalgic of the empirical capital.

還似往年春氣味,不宜今日病心情。
Atmosphere of spring remains similar to the years past;
Yet it is discordant to my afflicted mind today.

聞鶯樹下沈吟立,信馬江頭取次行。
Standing underneath the trees, in deep laments, I listen to the bird song;
On the horse, along the river edge, I ride aimlessly.

忽見紫桐花悵望,下邽明日是清明。[5]
Unexpectedly seeing purple paulownia blossoms, I look at them with despair;
Tomorrow will be Qingming in Xiagui.

Was Paulownia invasive or native of North America? Was it imported to Northern America as ornamental trees or for its timber? When was it introduced to this land? There are different theories and arguments. Its ability to adapt and prosper seems to be a double-edge sword.

At the bank of Hudson River with George Washington Bridge in the background.

Indian bean tree in bloom.

[1]New York Street Tree Map_Princesstree: Many trees shown on this map are actually Indian bean trees (Southern catalpa). The leaves of catalpa and paulownia are hard to distinguish.
[2]Paulownia-tomentosa-Missouri-Botanical-Garden
[3]Royal-Paulownia-NY-Botanical-Garden
[4]Firmiana-simplex-Missouri-Botanical-Garden
There is also 油桐 (Aleurites/Vernicia fordii, tung oil tree), cultivated for oil production and as ornamental plants. Tung Blossom Festivals take place in various regions in Taiwan every spring. Tung Blossom Photos
[5] Hanshi 寒食 takes place on the 105th day after Winter Solstice. It often falls on the day before Qingming 清明. Blossoms of Firmiana simplex are yellow green. So, clearly, Bai was describing the sight of paulownias.