He thinks like my dad

This entry is part 11 of 17 in the series Guiding Hands

I heard about Dr. W. Richard Shindle from my friend before moving to Kent but didn’t meet him until the day of my placement tests. It was a typical Midwest snowy winter day. I remember the hat, the coat and the boots that I wore that day. I slipped and almost fell over the threshold, making my grand entrance. A gentleman in his suit and tie came over to help me. Assuming I was there for the test, he asked for my name. I pointed at it on his list. He stared and looked at me. I said, “Julia.” He smiled and said, “Oh, that’s much easier.”

I next saw him in his graduate seminar on cantus firmus.[1] Knowing that I was a piano major, he was surprised to see me there. He made sure that I wasn’t lost in the building and let me stay. A few other teachers did double takes when they walked by and saw me sitting in that class. There were scores and recordings on the desk. (I soon found out that there were always scores and recordings in Dr. Shindle’s classes.) Everyone, except me, seemed to know each other. Dr. Shindle didn’t waste time and started introducing a few familiar existing melodies that inspired centuries of composers.

I was fine following the examples and understood the compositional devices used the pieces. Very soon, Dr. Shindle started talking about some Italian composers and their patrons. I had no idea how we got there; didn’t recognize any of the names that he mentioned; and was clueless of what to do next. Never a good note-taker, I quickly scribbled down the names so I could figure out the connections.

We were given some pieces to study for the next class. It didn’t take me long to sort out the links between the cantus firmus and these works. But I sat in the library for days, tracking down all the names that I heard in class. I was scared, thinking that I must be missing some crucial information related to the subject of the seminar. On the other hand, a huge part of me was comforted by the way Dr. Shindle’s mind traveled through subjects, from one century to another; from one country to another; and from genre to genre. I grew up with dad jumping from subject to subject in a conversation within minutes. His friends all seemed to understand him just fine. I was too young to know if he was like that in his lectures. I was very glad to find out that there were other people like dad. With this, I formed a connection with Dr. Shindle very early on.

From a close-knit family of religious background, Dr. Shindle lives simply. Fancy foods and clothing never interest him much. He finds amusement in the smallest things. He is always eager to share his knowledge, which seems infinite. When he spoke, words just trickled out of his mouth. Articulation never seems to matter much. When he got frustrated or angry, his voice would intensify. But he never spoke loudly. I always sat on the front row in class so I could catch as much information as possible.

I loved the open discussions in a seminar setting. I loved looking at beautiful images from medieval manuscripts[2] and finding out the hidden message within. Dr. Shindle would come over to the table when I sat in the library decoding these pieces. If I missed anything, he would give me some hints. Years later, in casual conversations, he would recall seeing my Chinese name for the first time. He worried about having a piano student in his class but was pleased that I was capable of the work.

In Dr. Shindle’s seminars, I learned how Beethoven’s compositional styles transitioned from early to middle, and, then, late period. I learned his favorite compositional devices. I became aware of the advanced tonal approach in his late piano works and string quartets. We learned the basic structure of Mozart’s concerti. By following the scores, we saw how the “formula” worked in individual works. I was among the most “vocal” students in these classes. He never discouraged me.

I learned from Dr. Shindle the importance of the “Urtext”—the original source. It could be manuscripts, first editions or any existing early sources of a work. He would show us facsimiles of manuscripts when discussing findings of recent researches. When listening to recordings, he would point out the performance practice to us. He also liked sitting down at the piano to demonstrate his point.

History of Western music notation was part of the required curriculum for Ph.D. students. I loved deciphering and transcribing old notations until we encountered keyboard tablatures[3]. The lines and scribbles blurred my eyesight and made no sense to me. Dr. Shindle sat down and played an example for us. He told the story of how, as a student at Indiana University, he was inspired by his mentor Dr. Willi Apel[4] reading and playing these tablatures at sight. He later became Dr. Apel’s research assistant and edited keyboard works of Ercole Pasquini and Girolamo Frescobaldi[5].

Knowing my interests in Lieder, Dr. Shindle led me to the works of Carl Friedrich Zelter[6]. For my master thesis, I studied Zelter’s Lieder on Goethe’s poems—something that dad would have approved of. I learned of Zelter’s pedagogical heritage, from J.S. Bach to Johann Philipp Kirnberger[7]; I learned of Zelter’s influence on Felix Mendelssohn; I learned of his establishment of Sing-Akademie zu Berlin[8], through which his contribution on the revival of Bach’s works

When I finished my course work, I had no idea what to choose as the subject of my dissertation. Dr. Shindle handed me madrigals of late sixteenth-century Neapolitan composer Giovan Domenico Montella, a contemporary of Giovanni de Macque,[9] of whose works he was an expert. He told me that he had started the research years ago but never had the chance to continue. Without thinking much, I accepted the suggestion. Only after I started the work that I realized how unprepared I was. Though, clearly, it was a great honor that Dr. Shindle trusted me with something that he cared about very much.

Dr. Shindle was getting ready to retire when I left for Italy. We both felt that it would be necessary for him to oversee my work. A special request was made for him to continue advising me after retirement. He moved to Maryland to be close to his family. I moved to Illinois to work with Mr. Wustman. We started a five-year long-distance collaboration. I would call him when I had questions. Whenever I completed a portion of the text, I would send a copy to Maryland. Then, I would fly out to go over the material with him in person.

He always made me read the text out loud. Often, he would stop me and ask what I really wanted to say. As I explained my point, he would say, “Why didn’t you just write THAT down?” We would read for hours; take a lunch break and continue.

An enthusiast of genealogy, Dr. Shindle has been tracing his family history for decades. Before the existence of search engines, genealogy research was a time-consuming, and labor-intensive task. During one of my visits, worrying that I would be bored, he took me on a genealogical tour through Maryland’s countryside. We drove through small towns. He pointed out libraries and county offices where he found records of his extended family. We passed through some farmlands his relatives used to own. He showed me where his relatives lived. From his voice, I could tell how much he cared for his family and relatives.

Although I have not expanded my research after graduation, I never abandon the approach of staying true to composer’s original ideas. I never stop finding out more about every piece that I study or perform. I make every effort to show my students the importance of understand all the details in the score. I thank Dr. Shindle for changing the way I look at scores and the way I listen to music.


[1] Cantus firmus, literally fixed song, is a pre-existing melody, used as the foundation of polyphonic compositions. cantus-firmus-britannica
[2] Google-images-Ars-subtilior
[3] Keyboard_tablature_Wiki
[4] Willi_Apel_Wiki
[5] Ercole_Pasquini_Wiki; Girolamo_Frescobaldi_WiKi; Corpus_of_Early_Keyboard_Music
[6] Carl_Friedrich_Zelter_Wiki; Carl_Friedrich_Zelter_Wiki/de
[7] Johann_Kirnberger_Wiki; Johann_Philipp_Kirnberger_Wiki/de
[8] Sing_Akademie_Berlin_Wiki
[9] Giovanni_de_Macque_Wiki

They forgot that you had feet

This entry is part 10 of 17 in the series Guiding Hands

Midway through the fall semester of 1983, I visited Kent State University for the first time. Another alumna of NTNU from Prof. Wu’s studio was there studying with Mrs. Lois Rova Ozanich. As I was considering transferring to Kent, I wanted to know more about the school, the degree program and the teachers—things that I learned from experiences.

Nested on the campus of CWRU in University Circle, CIM’s modern building was surrounded by greenery and stately stone buildings. Botanic garden was right across the street. Natural History Museum, Art Museum and Severance Hall—home of the Cleveland Orchestra—are all within walking distance. Unfortunately, in early 1980s, the entire area was crime-infested. Faculty members warned us to never to out alone after dark. We all had to call and wait for campus shuttles to get home after practice.

Like many Midwestern universities, Kent State campus was wide and open. Students strolled around freely from class to class. Although most of the buildings were mid-century and not very attractive, they gave the campus a modest and relaxed feel. I, having been feeling tense about everything, was breathing much easier right away.

My friend had informed Mrs. Ozanich about my visit. We set up an interview (audition?). I played the pieces that I was studying with Mrs. Babin for her. She gave me a slow movement of a sonatina to read. I did fine. She turned to a fast sonatina movement. I stumbled. She agreed to take me into her studio, if I decided to enroll at Kent in the spring. I observed her accompanying class, watching her showing students how to negotiate tempo changes, how to balance the sound. . .. I knew then that I could learn a few things from her.

I moved to Kent in the middle of winter and started regrouping. Since most required courses for graduate students were offered in fall semester, I wasn’t taking many classes. Eager to move my fingers and to rebuild my confidence, I accepted several invitations within weeks. I agreed to participate in the New Music Ensemble concert, playing Piscataway I “On Looking Deeper into the Water” (1979) by Peter Ware.[1]I cannot recall if I asked to see the score before saying “Yes.”

As soon as she heard the news, Mrs. Ozanich sat me down and started helping me learning the piece. A proponent and experienced performer of contemporary music, she helped me to decipher the score. She told me to follow the relative length of notes instead of being restricted by bar lines and meters. This approach has made it possible for me to get through complicated rhythm in modern compositions. Thanks to her patience, I did fine in the performance a few weeks later.[2]

We returned to standard repertoire after the concert. It didn’t take long for both us to realize that I had difficulties with pedaling. She said, “They taught you everything you needed to know about your fingers, but they forgot that you had feet.” All my previous teachers did teach me pedaling techniques. But I didn’t have to THINK about pedals since my teachers always marked them on my scores. Facing new pieces without prescribed markings, I finally had to learn the “how” of pedaling. Mrs. Ozanich also showed me that there were different levels of pedaling—not simply down and up. She introduced me to the “sostenuto” pedal. She taught me pedal diminuendo, trill and various way of articulations. It took me a long time to understand that pedaling and sound production are two sides of the same coin. The root of my problem was poor awareness of the underlining harmonic structure. I was busy listening to the melodic lines instead of listening to all parts simultaneous. Even now, I am still struggling with my feet at the pedals.

I signed up for the accompanying class. It was offered for both undergraduate and graduate piano majors. The younger students were just inexperienced as I was. So, for each piece studied, Mr. Ozanich would discuss the details with us, let us practice, and then bring in a singer or instrumentalist to work with us. For songs, she would ask us to learn the pronunciations using International Phonetic Alphabet, and to study the translations. From her class I learned the importance of word-for-word translations of texts, as the musical expressions must match the words precisely. (I also began to understand why my father spent decades puzzling over Goethe’s works. It is not always easy to maintain the word order in the original language while delivering the true meaning in the translation.) For the written exam, we were responsible for knowing the translations and the structure of the pieces. Although we were given reference books as guidance, it was still a time-consuming work.

At that time, my English vocabulary was limited. I would copy the translations, both literal and interpretive, from reference sources. Then, I had to translate the English translations into something that I could comprehend. When I finished, I would have learned three sets of words and lines. Thanks to my early linguistic experiences, IPA wasn’t an issue for me. I didn’t mind doing the work because knowing the connection between words and music was a beautiful thing to me. And, I liked making music with other people. Mrs. Ozanich noticed my interest and encourage me to continue.

My first accompanying performance was with a tenor for his degree recital. The program included the first half of Die schöne Müllerin[3] and Poulenc’s Deux poèmes de Louis Aragon[4]. When I told Mrs. Ozanich about the repertoire, her first reaction was, “Do you know how much work will be needed for the preparation?” But, again, she helped me.

In addition to her work at KSU, Mrs. Ozanich was in charge of the vocal chamber division of Kent/Blossom Festival, a summer training program of Cleveland Orchestra based in Kent and Blossom Music Center, the summer home of the orchestra.[5] Late spring 1986, when a pianist dropped out at the last minute, she offered me the opportunity to participate. I was not fully aware of the significance at the time. Even though I really wasn’t quite ready, I had the chance to watch other young musicians work; to learn from the most well-respected professionals and to perform. I took my first step into the professional realm that summer.

Mrs. Ozanich and I had our differences from time to time—twice at pivotal points of my graduate study. Not long after coming to the States, when I found out how much there was to be learned and how fascinating music making could be, I broke my promise to mom of returning home, even though I did complete all my requirements within three semesters.

I wanted to apply for doctoral programs at other schools. Mrs. Ozanich told me that, in order to get into a top-level program, I had to first build up my repertoire. Since I already accumulated many credits in the academic area, I stayed for a second master’s degree in musicology, hoping to continue strengthening my playing and to build my repertoire at the same time.

Later, I applied for doctoral programs in piano performance again. Mrs. Ozanich still didn’t think that I was ready. Things were more complicated by then. I knew exactly what I wanted (and didn’t want) to do. With my tiny hands and limited repertoire, solo performances would have been an impossible dream. Teaching piano at college level also didn’t interest me. In many ways, getting into another piano degree program really wasn’t the right thing to do. I enjoyed my academic work at Kent and had started researches for my master thesis. It would make sense to complete the work and matriculate into the Ph.D. curriculum.

I also considered what I needed and could do about accompanying. While making up my mind to stay, I pushed hard for fellowship assignments in accompanying choirs and opera workshop. By the time I passed the candidacy exam, I was ready to knock on Mr. Wustman’s door. I never regretted the long detour that I took to get there.

On December 30, 1998, Mrs. Ozanich died unexpectedly at the age of fifty-five. I knew that I wasn’t the only student that benefited from her guidance. A scholarship was established in memory of her for piano students at Kent.


[1]I also played The Hibiscus on the Water from the same set later.
Excerpt of The Hibiscus on the Water, performed by Yvar Mikashoff.
Dr. Frank Wiley founded Kent New Music Ensemble in 1980 and directed it until his retirement in 2018. He would later guide me through a one-semester independent theory review before my doctoral candidacy exam. We stayed in touch through out all these years. I greatly appreciate his support and friendship.
[2] Donald Rosenberg, the music reviewer of Akron Bean Journal, wrote, “The piano of Piscataway I explores its highest and lowest regions as it traces the river’s changing currents.” He commented my playing as “colorful.” Donald Rosenberg, “Review: New music gets KSU exposure,” Akron Beacon Journal, Wednesday, February 22, 1984.
[3] Die_schöne_Müllerin: Prey; Krist, 1978
[4] Duex_Poèmes_”C”: Crespin; Wustman; Duex_Poèmes_”Fêtes galantes”:Crespin; Wustman
[5]The vocal chamber program of Kent/Blossom was cancelled after 1988 while the instrumental program continued.